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Delewarellc

Exculpation

A provision in the Operating Agreement or charter limiting personal liability for fiduciary breaches.

Definition

Exculpation provisions limit personal liability of managers/members for fiduciary duty breaches. Cannot eliminate liability for bad faith, intentional misconduct, or knowing violations. Permitted under 6 Del. C. § 18-1101.

Context

Standard inclusion in Delaware LLC Operating Agreements with passive investors.

Example

A multi-member Operating Agreement exculpates managers from liability for ordinary negligence in business decisions. Bad faith and knowing violations remain liable.

Common pitfalls

  • Exculpation does not protect against loyalty breaches.
  • Does not eliminate the implied covenant of good faith.

Related terms